Lubrication system for a drive train of a wind turbine, wind turbine and method of lubricating

ABSTRACT

Provided is a lubrication system for a drive train of a wind turbine including a main oil tank including a lubrication liquid, for lubricating the drive train when the wind turbine has connection to a grid and a main reservoir which is separate from the main oil tank and contains lubrication liquid for the drive train when the wind turbine has no connection to the grid. The main reservoir includes a first reservoir containing a first amount of lubrication liquid for at least a first component of the drive train and a second reservoir including a second amount of lubrication liquid for at least a second component of the drive train. The lubrication system is configured to supply the oil from the main reservoir to the drive train when the wind turbine has no grid connection for creating an oil sump in at least the second component of the drive train

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to PCT Application No.PCT/EP2018/059445, having a filing date of Apr. 12, 2018, which is basedon European Application No. 17166319.8, having a filing date of Apr. 12,2017, the entire contents both of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The following relates to a lubrication system for a drive train of windturbine, a wind turbine comprising such a drive train and a method oflubricating a drive train of a wind turbine.

BACKGROUND

Wind turbines and drive trains for wind turbines are well known.

Wind turbines are commonly set up and operated in remote locations thatcannot be reached quickly, for example wind turbines that are part of anoff-shore wind park. Therefore, wind turbines need a lubrication systemthat provides ample lubrication at all times, especially when theturbine is operated in idling without grid connection which is the caseright after installation of the wind turbine, before commissioning iscompleted and grid connection is established or when the turbine lostconnection to the grid due to other circumstances. In these situationsthe lubrication of gears and bearings must be obtained without auxiliarypower being available. On the other hand, a high amount of lubricationliquid has the downside that the performance of the wind turbinedecreases due to higher friction losses.

SUMMARY

An aspect relates to provide an improved lubrication system for a drivetrain of a wind turbine and corresponding methods.

The embodiments of the invention provide a lubrication system for adrive train of a wind turbine. The lubrication system can comprise amain oil tank containing a lubrication liquid, in particular oil, forlubricating the drive train when the wind turbine has connection to agrid. There can further be a main reservoir which is separate from themain oil tank and contains lubrication liquid for the drive train whenthe wind turbine has no connection to the grid. The main reservoir cancomprise a first reservoir containing a first amount of lubricationliquid for at least a first component of the drive train and a secondreservoir containing a second amount of lubrication liquid for at leasta second component of the drive train. The first component is differentfrom the second component. The lubrication system can be configured tosupply the oil from the main reservoir to the drive train when the windturbine has no grid connection for creating an oil sump in at least thesecond component of the drive train. This means that the lubricationsystem can be configured in such a way that the gearbox has no oil sumpwhen the wind turbine has connection to a grid.

The first component of the drive train can comprise a main shaft and/ora generator and/or the second component of the drive train can comprisea gearbox.

The lubrication system can be configured in such a way that the mainshaft and/or generator each have an oil sump when the wind turbine hasconnection to a grid.

The lubrication system can be further configured in such a way that theoil drains primarily by gravity from the first reservoir and/or thesecond reservoir to the respective component of the drive train.Primarily by gravity means that the oil is not actively pumped by pumpsand is driven only by gravity and atmospheric pressure. This also meansthat the reservoirs are located at a geodetic higher level than the oilsump levels of the respective components.

The lubrication system can further comprise drain restrictors torestrict the volume flow from the first reservoir to the main shaftand/or generator.

The lubrication system can further comprise drain valves controlled by aseparate energy storage to provide the volume flow from the firstreservoir to the main shaft and/or generator in certain intervals.

The lubrication system can further comprise level sensors in the firstreservoir, the second reservoir and/or main oil tank for determining thelevel of the lubrication liquid in the respective part.

The lubrication system can further comprise at least a first valve thatis configured to change from an open state to a closed state, when thewind turbine loses connection to the grid. In particular, the firstvalve can be coupled to an oil outlet of at least the second componentof the drive train.

The lubrication system can further comprise a second valve that changesfrom a closed state to an open state when the wind turbine losesconnection to the grid.

The lubrication system can further comprise a heat exchanger fortempering, more particular for cooling, the lubrication liquid. The heatexchanger can be a lubrication liquid-water heat exchanger.

The main shaft can comprise heaters for heating lubrication liquid in atleast one oil chamber in the main shaft.

The main shaft can comprise a front bearing oil chamber and a rearbearing oil chamber. The front bearing oil chamber and the rear bearingoil chamber can each comprise at least one heater for heatinglubrication liquid in the respective oil chamber.

The embodiments of the invention also provide a wind turbine comprisinga drive train and a lubrication system according to embodiments andaspects of this description.

The embodiments of the invention also provide a method of lubricating adrive train of a wind turbine, comprising: supplying lubrication liquidfrom a first reservoir to a first component of the drive train of thewind turbine when the wind turbine loses connection to a grid andsupplying lubrication liquid from a second reservoir to a secondcomponent of the drive train of the wind turbine for creating an oilsump in at least the second component of the drive train when the windturbine loses connection to a grid.

The first component can comprise a main shaft bearing and/or agenerator.

The second component can comprise a gearbox.

The method can further comprise: closing a valve in a drain pipe of thesecond component of the drive train when the wind turbine losesconnection to the grid.

The method can further comprise: closing a valve in a return piping ofthe first component of the drive train when the wind turbine losesconnection to the grid.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Some of the embodiments will be described in detail, with references tothe following Figures, wherein like designations denote like members,wherein:

FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic drawing of a wind turbine according toan embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a simplified perspective view on the drive train of windturbine of FIG. 1 comprising a lubrication system according to anembodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 3 is a simplified perspective view on the lubrication system of theembodiment of FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating theoperation of the lubrication system according to embodiments for a windturbine mode with grid-connection,

FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating theoperation of the gearbox section of the lubrication system of theembodiment of FIG. 4 for a wind turbine mode without grid connection,

FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating theoperation of the main shaft and generator section of the lubricationsystem of the embodiment of FIG. 4 for a wind turbine mode without gridconnection,

FIG. 7 is a simplified detailed sectional view of the front main bearingof the main shaft arrangement of the embodiment of FIG. 2,

FIG. 8 is a simplified detailed sectional view of the rear main bearingof the main shaft arrangement of the embodiment of FIG. 2,

FIG. 9 is a simplified sectional view of the front main bearing of FIG.2,

FIG. 10 is a simplified sectional view of the gearbox of the embodimentof FIG. 2, showing a deflection device and a supply passage as well asan overflow device and a backflow passage,

FIG. 11 is a simplified detailed view of the deflection device andsupply passage of FIG. 10,

FIG. 12 is a simplified detailed view of the overflow device andbackflow passage of FIG. 10,

FIG. 13 is a simplified perspective view of the gearbox including itsreturn piping of the embodiment of FIG. 2,

FIG. 14 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating thereturn piping of the gearbox section according to the embodiment of FIG.13,

FIG. 15 is a simplified perspective view of the return piping of FIG.13,

FIG. 16 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating thereturn piping of a gearbox section according to a further embodiment,

FIG. 17 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating thereturn piping of a gearbox section with a single oil level according toa further embodiment,

FIG. 18 is a simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustrating thereturn piping of a gearbox section with a single oil level according toa further embodiment,

FIG. 19 is a simplified perspective view of the return piping of thegearbox section according to the embodiment of FIG. 18,

FIG. 20 is a simplified perspective view of the return piping of thegearbox section according to a further embodiment, and

FIG. 21 is a simplified perspective view of the return piping of thegearbox section according to the embodiment of FIG. 20.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine 10 comprising a nacelle 12 with a drivetrain 100 atop of a tower 14 and three rotor blades 16 drivinglyconnected to the drive train 100.

The wind turbine 10 can be part of a wind park, more particular anoff-shore wind park.

FIG. 2 is a simplified perspective view of the drive train 100comprising a lubrication system 200 according to an embodiment. Thedrive train 100 comprises a main shaft arrangement 101 including a mainshaft bearing, a gearbox 103 and a generator 104. There is further alubrication system 200 which comprises among others, a main lubricationliquid (oil) tank 201 including main oil pumps 216 and oil filters 215,a lubrication liquid-water (oil-water) heat exchanger 202, offlinefilters 203 and a main lubrication liquid (oil) reservoir 204, as wellas several piping arrangements, as for example the return piping 205 ofthe main shaft bearing, and the return piping 206 of the gearbox.Furthermore, there is an oil distribution block 218 (see FIG. 3) fordistributing the oil.

In this embodiment, there are three oil pumps 216 in parallel. Two pumpscover full flow and one pump is redundant. The oil pumps 216 are drivenby a frequency converter (not shown). The oil flow is a function of theoil temperature. A typical or nominal value for the oil flow is 475l/min (liters per minute). This value comprises an oil flow of 400 l/minfor the gearbox 103, an oil flow of 60 l/min for the main shaftbearing/arrangement 101 and an oil flow of 15 l/min for the generatorbearings and high-speed stage (HSS) spline 104. There are further threefilter cartridges 215 in parallel including a fine filter with a size of10 μm and a security coarse filter having a size of 50 μm. The minimumoil volume is about 1900 l (+20% air). There are further a securityrelief valve and air filters. The system has a 15 kW immersed heatingcapacity. It is configured against oil burning and the components aredimensioned for a two years maintenance period.

FIG. 3 is a simplified perspective view on the lubrication system 200 ofthe embodiment of FIG. 2. The lubrication system 200 is shown in moredetail, while the components of the drive drain 100 are omitted. Thereis an inlet piping 301 for the main shaft bearing, an inlet piping 302for the gearbox and an inlet piping 303 for the generator. There is alsoa fluidic circuit 250 for a liquid, in particular water-glycol thatserves to heat or cool the lubrication liquid, i.e. the oil. The fluidiccircuit 250 comprises a water-glycol/air heat exchanger 207, a reservoirfor the water-glycol 209, a pump 208 for the fluidic circuit 250 andsome piping 210, 211 and 212 for coupling the water-glycol/air heatexchanger 207, the reservoir 209 and the pump 208 to each other and tothe oil/water heat exchanger 202 for heating or cooling the oil.

The oil heating process after a cold start-up of the wind turbinecomprises the following stages. Initially, the temperature of the oilinside the main oil tank 201 is greater than minus 10° C. and lower thanplus 10° C. The 15 kW immersed heaters of the main oil tank 201 arestarted. The offline pump is started to stir the oil. At this stage,there is no oil pumped to the components of the drive train 100, i.e. tothe gearbox 103, the main shaft bearings 101 and the generator 104. Inthe water-glycol circuit 250, the water-glycol circuit pump 208 startsand a 30 kW water-glycol heater 207 starts. The temperature of thewater-glycol is regulated between 30° C. and 32° C. A water-glycolthermostatic valve is closed (valve range 35° C. to 40° C.). The oiltemperature inside the main oil tank 201 is then greater than 10° C. andlower than 35° C. The main pump 216 starts supplying oil to the gearbox103 according to its programmed ramp (predetermined scheme). The pumpedoil is heated in the heat exchanger 202 and oil is fed to the gearbox103, the main shaft bearings 101 and the generator and spline 104 with atemperature of about 30° C. to 32° C.

The oil cooling process is the usual status during turbine powergeneration (production mode or run-connected operating mode). The oiltemperature measured in the distribution manifold block 218 is above 35°C. The main pump 216 continues supplying oil to the gearbox 103according to its programmed ramp (predetermined scheme). The 15 kWimmersed heaters are off. In the water-glycol circuit 250, the 30 kWwater heater 207 is off. The thermostatic valve starts opening at 35° C.and it is fully opened at 40° C. Cooler fans start operating graduallyat 40° C. All cooler fans are at full speed below 45° C.

The components of the lubrication system 200 are generally coupled influidic communication in order to lubricate the components 101, 103, and104 of the drive train with lubrication liquid, in particular oil. Theoil is filtered and appropriately tempered, i.e. it is heated or cooled.

The main reservoir 204 generally serves to provide oil to the drivetrain 100 in specific modes of operation of the wind turbine 10. Themain reservoir 204 is split in two reservoirs 214, 224 or comprises tworeservoirs 214, 224 (see FIG. 4). In this embodiment, there is a firstreservoir 214 which is configured and coupled to supply oil to the mainshaft bearing 101 and to the generator 104, and a second reservoir 224which is configured and coupled to supply oil to the gearbox 103.

In general, the inlet for the oil supply during normal operation andfrom the reservoir can be different.

The second reservoir 224 has an oil outlet 306 (see FIG. 5) coupled influidic communication to the inlet piping 302 for the gearbox 103.

The gearbox 103 has an oil inlet 308 (see FIG. 5) coupled in fluidiccommunication to the inlet piping 302 and an oil outlet 310 coupled influidic communication to the return piping 206 of the gearbox 103.

The wind turbine 10 can have several different operating modes. Twogeneral modes of operation can be distinguished: a normal mode and anoff-grid mode.

The normal operating mode can comprise five operating modes: arun-connected mode, a run mode, a pause mode, a stop mode and anemergency mode. The following table indicates some parameters for thedifferent modes.

TABLE 1 Operating modes of wind turbine rpm LSS Main Mode/Par. GridNom./Max Prod. D Valve S Valve Pump Emer- Yes 0/2 No Closed Closed Lowgency Stop Yes 0/2 No Closed Closed Low Pause Yes x/2 No Closed ClosedLow Run Yes x/3 No Open Closed Predet. Run-con. Yes 9.9/14 Yes OpenClosed Predet. Off-grid No 0/2 No Closed Open No Off-grid No 0.5 * nomSelf Closed Open Predet. with GLS consumption

Emergency mode, stop mode and pause mode are also commonly referred toas idling modes. The run-connected mode can also be referred to asproduction mode, as this is the only mode in which the wind turbinedelivers power to the grid.

In TABLE 1 the column “Grid” indicates whether the wind turbine isconnected to the grid or not. The column “rpm LSS Nom./Max” indicatesthe rounds per minute of the low speed stage (LSS) and in particular thenominal value and the maximum value of the rounds per minute. The column“Prod.” indicates whether the wind turbine is producing or generatingpower, i.e. whether it is in production mode. The column “DValve”indicates whether a drain valve which is coupled between the drive trainand the main tank is open or closed. The DValve is a fail safe valvethat automatically closes, when it is not supplied with power. Thecolumn “SValve” relates to a supply valve that is coupled between themain reservoir 204 and the drive train 100. This type of valve is alsofail safe and automatically opens, when it is not supplied with power.The column “Main Pump” relates to the main pump 216 of the lubricationcircuit 200. There can also be several pumps 216 in the system.

In the emergency mode, the wind turbine 10 is coupled to the grid andhas a nominal rotational speed of 0 rpm and maximum rotational speed of2 rpm. The wind turbine 10 does not produce energy. The drain valveDValve is closed and the supply valve SValve is closed too. The mainpump 216 operates but with very few rotations per minute.

In the stop mode, the wind turbine 10 is coupled to the grid and has avery low nominal rotational speed of 0 rpm and maximum rotational speedof 2 rpm. The wind turbine 10 does not produce energy. The DValve isclosed and the SValve is closed too. The main pump 216 operates but withvery few rotations per minute. The stop mode is comparable to theemergency mode above. But unlike the above emergency mode, the stop modeis an intentional or planned mode of operation.

In the pause mode, the wind turbine 10 is coupled to the grid and has anominal rotational speed of x rpm and maximum rotational speed of 2 rpm.The wind turbine 10 does not produce energy. The DValve is closed andthe SValve is closed too. The main pump 216 operates but with very fewrotations per minute.

In the run mode, the wind turbine 10 is coupled to the grid and has anominal rotational speed of x rpm and maximum rotational speed of 3 rpm.The wind turbine 10 does not produce energy. The DValve is open and theSValve is closed. The main pump 216 operates but with a predeterminedvalue of rounds per minute, according to a predetermined scheme.

In the run-connected (run-con.) mode (production mode), the wind turbine10 is coupled to the grid and the rotor (LSS) has a nominal rotationalspeed of 9.9 rpm and maximum rotational speed of 14 rpm. The windturbine 10 produces energy. The DValve is open and the SValve is closed.The main pump 216 operates but with a predetermined value of rounds perminute, i.e. according to a predetermined scheme.

In the off-grid mode, the wind turbine 10 has lost the electricalconnection to the grid (grid-loss). The rotor (LSS) has a nominalrotational speed of 0 rpm and maximum rotational speed of 2 rpm. Thewind turbine 10 does not produce energy. The drain valve DValve isclosed and the supply valve SValve is open. The main pump 216 does notoperate. The off-grid mode is also an emergency mode but in combinationwith an off-grid situation, i.e. the wind turbine 10 has lost connectionto the power grid and therefore is unable to inject and/or drain powerfrom the grid. The off-grid mode is the only operating mode in which thedrain valve DValve is closed and the supply valve SValve is open. Thismeans that the lubrication is then performed by supplying the oil fromthe main reservoir 204 to components 101, 103, 104 of the drive train100. The drain valve DValve is configured to create an oil sump in atleast one component 101, 103, 104 of the drive train 100. This componentcan be the gearbox 103. In all the other operating modes (emergency,stop, pause, run, run-con.) where the grid connection is not lost, themain pump 216 still operates and supplies the oil to the components 101,103, 104 of the drive train 100. Only in the off-grid mode, the mainreservoir 204 is opened for supplying the components 101, 103, 104.

In the off-gird GLS mode (production mode, limited to theself-consumption of energy of the wind turbine during operation) thewind turbine 10 has lost the connection to the grid. Preferably, therotor (LSS) has an approx. 50% of the nominal rotational speed of 9.9rpm and maximum rotational speed of 14 rpm. The wind turbine 10 producesenergy. The DValve is open and the SValve is closed. The main pump 216operates but with a predetermined value of rounds per minute, i.e.according to a predetermined scheme.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show simplified schematic hydraulic diagrams illustratingthe operation of the lubrication system 200 according to embodiments andthe respective modes of the wind turbine. FIG. 4 shows the schematichydraulic diagram when the wind turbine 10 has grid-connection, whileFIGS. 5 and 6 show the schematic hydraulic diagram for the gearbox 103section and the main shaft 101/generator section 104 respectively whenthe wind turbine 10 lost grid connection. Only the most relevantcomponents for the lubricating system 200 and method of the presentembodiments of the invention are shown. There is the main shaft bearing101, the gearbox 103 and the generator (and spline) 104. There is alsothe main oil tank 201 including the main pumps 216 and a flow divider220. Still further there are two oil reservoirs, the first oil reservoir214 and the second oil reservoir 224 which form together the mainreservoir 204.

Furthermore there are various valves V1 to V7 and one or more siphons500 coupled into the return piping 206 of the gearbox 103.

Valve V1 and valve V2 are coupled between the gearbox 103 oil outlet andthe main oil tank 201. These two valves operate as one or more drainvalves (DValve). They are fail-safe and automatically close in off-gridcondition of the wind turbine 10.

Valve V3 is coupled between the oil outlet of the second reservoir(gearbox reservoir tank) 224 and the oil inlet of the gearbox 103. ValveV4 is coupled between an oil outlet of the first reservoir (main shaft,generator and spline reservoir tank) 214 and an oil inlet of the mainshaft bearing 101. Valve V5 is coupled between an oil outlet of thefirst reservoir (main shaft, generator and spline reservoir tank) 214and an oil inlet of the generator 104 including the spline. Valve V3, V4and V5 are supply valves (SValve). They are fail-safe and automaticallyopen in off-grid condition of the wind turbine 10.

In another embodiment, the valves V4 and V5 can be configured to providethe oil in certain intervals, controlled by an autonomous controllersupplied from a separate energy storage, e.g. by batteries.

The flow divider 220 is generally coupled between an outlet of the mainoil tank 201 and inlets of the first reservoir 214, the second reservoir224 and the gearbox 103.

Valves V6 and V7 are coupled between the flow divider 220 and the inletsof the first reservoir 214 and the second reservoir 224, respectively.V6 and V7 only open for refilling the oil reservoirs 214, 224.

The main shaft bearing (or main shaft arrangement) 101 is generallyconfigured to comprise a permanent internal oil sump 231.

In another embodiment, the main shaft bearing and/or the generatorbearings could be configured to have additional closing valves to createthe oil bath for off-grid operation.

The generator (and spline) 104 are also generally configured to comprisea permanent internal oil sump 234.

In the present embodiment, the gearbox 103 is not generally configuredto comprise a permanent internal oil sump, as this would reduce theperformance during normal operation.

Accordingly, there is one component, i.e. the gearbox 103 that needs adifferent concept for lubrication in an off-grid situation than theother components, i.e. the main shaft bearing 101 and generator 104.

TABLE 2 OFF-GRID MODE (GEARBOX TRANSITION FROM DRY TO SUMP) Valve GRIDOFF-GRID V1 OPEN CLOSED V2 OPEN CLOSED V3 CLOSED OPEN V4 CLOSED CLOSEDV5 CLOSED CLOSED V6 CLOSED CLOSED V7 CLOSED CLOSED

TABLE 2 indicates the states of the valves for a transition of thelubrication mode from a wind turbine mode with grid-connection (see FIG.4) to a mode without grid connection (off-grid) (see FIG. 5), but onlyfor the gearbox. If the connection to the grid is suddenly lost, thegearbox return line electro valves V1 and V2 are automatically closedand the valve V3 of the gearbox reservoir tank 224 outlet isautomatically opened to create an oil sump 233 inside gearbox 103. Oneor more gearbox return line siphons 500 set a maximum oil level insidethe gearbox 103. The oil pours from the gearbox reservoir tank 224 tothe gearbox sump 233 and is only driven by gravity. The filling of thegearbox 103 can be controlled by level sensors 242 placed in the gearbox103, the reservoir tank 224 and/or the main oil tank 201. Valves V4 toV7 remain unchanged in a closed state. V6 and V7 only open for refillingthe oil reservoirs 214, 224.

TABLE 3 OFF-GRID MODE (MAIN SHAFT AND GENERATOR SUPPLY) Valve GRIDOFF-GRID V1 OPEN OPEN V2 OPEN OPEN V3 CLOSED CLOSED V4 CLOSED OPEN V5CLOSED OPEN V6 CLOSED CLOSED V7 CLOSED CLOSED

TABLE 3 indicates the states of the valves for a transition of thelubrication mode from a wind turbine mode with grid-connection (see FIG.4) to a mode without grid connection (off-grid) (see FIG. 6), but onlyfor the main shaft bearing 101 and the generator (and spline) 104. Ifthe connection to the grid is suddenly lost, the supply valves V4 and V5coupled between the first reservoir 214 and the inlets of the main shaftbearing 101 and the generator 104, respectively, are opened. Theinternal oil sumps 231, 234 of the main shaft bearing 101 and thegenerator 104 are refilled continuously or in intervals. The oil onlydrains form the reservoir 214 to the oil sumps 231, 234 of the mainshaft bearing 101 and the generator 104 by gravity. There are, however,controlled drain restrictors 244 restricting the volume flow rate of theoil. The bearings of the main shaft arrangement 101 and the generator104 are designed to comprise remaining oil sumps 231, 234 for idlingsituations. V1, V2, V3, V6 and V7 remain unchanged.

TABLE 4 OFF-GRID MODE (ALL) Valve GRID OFF-GRID VI OPEN CLOSED V2 OPENCLOSED V3 CLOSED OPEN V4 CLOSED OPEN V5 CLOSED OPEN V6 CLOSED CLOSED V7CLOSED CLOSED

TABLE 4 indicates the states of the valves for a transition of thelubrication mode from a wind turbine mode with grid-connection (see FIG.4) to a mode without grid connection (off-grid) for the main shaftbearing, the gearbox and the generator (combined FIGS. 5 and 6). If theconnection to the grid is suddenly lost, the supply valves V4 and V5coupled between the first reservoir 214 and the inlets of the main shaftbearing 101 and the generator 104, respectively, are opened. Theinternal oil sumps 231, 234 of the main shaft bearing 101 and thegenerator 104 are continuously refilled. The oil only drains form thereservoir 214 to the oil sumps 231, 234 of the main shaft bearing 101and the generator 104 by gravity. There are, however, controlled drainrestrictors 244. The bearings of the main shaft arrangement 101 and thegenerator 104 are designed to comprise remaining oil sumps 231, 234 foridling situations. The gearbox return line electro valves V1 and V2 areautomatically closed and the valve V3 of the gearbox reservoir tank 224outlet is automatically opened to create an oil sump 233 inside gearbox103, while the one or more gearbox return line siphons 500 set a maximumoil level inside the gearbox 103. The oil pours from the gearboxreservoir tank 224 to the gearbox sump 233 and is only driven bygravity. V6 and V7 only open for refilling the oil reservoirs 214, 224and remain therefore unchanged.

In an alternative embodiment the lubrication system 200 can comprisedrain valves controlled by a separate energy storage to provide aspecific volume flow from the first reservoir 214 to the main shaft 101and/or generator 104 in certain intervals. These drain valves can beprovided instead of or in addition to the drain restrictors 244.

Before the lubrication system 200 switches back to an on-grid mode, theoil reservoirs 214, 224 are refilled. The respective level sensors 242of reservoirs 214, 224 are used to safeguard that the reservoirs 214,224 filled and therefore able to supply oil to the main shaft bearing101, gearbox 104 and the generator 104, in the case that the windturbine 10 loses connection to the grid again.

In this way, the gearbox 103 is lubricated with an appropriate amount oflubrication liquid which is injected through inlet piping 302 duringnormal operation (on-grid mode), instead of a permanent internal oilsump which would reduce the performance due to friction losses. The oilsump 233 in the gearbox 103 is only created when the wind turbine 10loses connection to the grid to protect the gearbox 103 during periodsin which pumps 216 are not running.

In another method, the oil sump 233 in the gearbox 103 is also createdwhen the wind turbine 10 switches to idling operation and is stillconnected to the grid, while the pumps 216 are running in areduced/interval mode.

Although the main shaft arrangement 101 and the generator 104 aredesigned to comprise oil sumps 231, 234 at all times, oil reservoir 214can provide a steady flow of lubrication liquid (respective an flow inintervals) to ensure that the bearings of the main shaft arrangement 101and the generator 104 are well lubricated during periods in which pumps216 are not running.

By providing a first oil reservoir 214 with a first amount oflubrication liquid for the main shaft arrangement 101 and generator 104and a separate second oil reservoir 224 with a second amount oflubrication liquid for the gearbox, allows for the immediate creation ofan oil sump 233 in the gearbox 103 with the second amount of lubricationliquid when the wind turbine 10 loses connection to the grid and at thesame time retains the first amount of lubrication liquid to guarantee asteady supply of lubrication liquid for the main shaft arrangement 101and generator 104, all without the need for any additional controllingmeans.

Also by locating the oil reservoirs 214, 224 at a geodetic height thatis higher than the oil levels of the respective oil sumps 231, 233, 234,gravity can be used as the primary, more particular the only, drivingforce for supplying lubrication liquid to the respective sections of thedrive train 100.

In this way the lubrication system 200 is optimal for safeguarding theproper lubrication of the drive train 100 during off-grid periods and ishighly failsafe.

FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a first section 401 of the main shaftarrangement 101 showing a front main bearing 402. The front main bearing402 comprises labyrinth sealings 406 at opposite ends in axial directionwhich are designed to retain lubrication liquid and create a frontbearing oil chamber 408 which contains a first part of the oil sump 231of the main shaft 101.

FIG. 8 is a simplified detailed view of a second section 403 of the mainshaft arrangement 101 showing a rear main bearing 404. The rear mainbearing 404 comprises labyrinth sealings 406 at opposite ends in axialdirection which are designed to retain lubrication liquid and create arear bearing oil chamber 410 which contains a second part of the oilsump 231 of the main shaft 101.

The main shaft assembly 101 comprises heaters 412 (see FIG. 9) for thefront main bearing 402 which are designed to heat the lubrication liquidin the front bearing oil chamber 408.

In the same way heaters 412 are provided for the rear main bearing 404to heat the lubrication liquid in the rear bearing oil chamber 408.

The main shaft assembly 101 further comprises separate temperaturesensors 414 for the front and rear bearing oil chamber 408, 410 whichare used to monitor the temperature of the lubrication liquid inside thefront and rear bearing oil chamber 408, 410 respectively.

The heaters 412 are used during a cold start-up phase of the drive train100 to increase the temperature of the lubrication liquid in the frontand rear bearing oil chamber 408, 410 respectively if the temperature ofthe lubrication liquid is below a specific threshold, for example below10° C. When the temperature of the lubrication liquid reaches 10-15° C.the drive train 100 is set in motion. Afterwards, the lubrication liquidis continuously heated by the heaters 412 until the temperature of thelubrication liquid reaches a set temperature in the range of 40-45° C.When this set temperature is reached the heaters 412 are switched off.The power of the heaters 412 can be reduced prior to reaching the settemperature, for example with a ramp. Further the heaters 412 can beused at any time during any mode the drive train 100 is running toincrease the temperature of the lubrication liquid, especially when thetemperature of the lubrication liquid falls below the set temperature.

The heaters 412 for the front and rear bearing oil chamber 408, 410 canbe controlled independently from each other.

In one embodiment the gearbox 103 is a two stage gearbox (see FIG. 10)and comprises a planetary gear with a first stage 110 and a second stage112. The planetary gearbox is configured to convert a slow rotary motionof the gearbox input shaft (not shown) on the main shaft side 114 of thegearbox 103 into a more rapid rotary motion of a gearbox output shaft(not shown) on the opposite generator side 116 of the gearbox 103.

The gearbox 103 is inclined to the horizontal plane by an angle α of 5°.In an alternative embodiment the angle α can be in the range of 0° and15°.

The gearbox 103 further comprises a separation wall 118 that at leastpartially separates the first stage 110 from the second stage 112.

The first stage 110 has a first oil sump 120 with a first internal oillevel 122 and the second stage 112 has a second oil sump 124 with asecond internal oil level 126.

The first internal oil level 122 is at a geodetic lower level than thesecond internal oil level 126.

The separation wall 118 comprises an internal supply passage 128 forsupplying lubrication liquid (oil) from the first stage 110 to thesecond stage 112.

The separation wall 118 further comprises an internal backflow passage130 for supplying lubrication liquid (oil) from the second stage 112 tothe first stage 110.

The supply passage 128 is located at a geodetic higher level than thebackflow passage 130.

The gearbox 103 further comprises a deflection device 132 located atleast at the same geodetic height as the supply passage 128 and isprovided to direct oil from the first stage 110 to the supply passage128.

In an alternative embodiment according to the invention the supplypassage 128 is at least partially an external supply passage, moreparticular wherein the supply passage 128 runs outside of the separationwall 118.

In a further embodiment according to the invention the backflow passage130 is at least partially an external backflow passage, more particularwherein the backflow passage 130 runs outside of the separation wall118.

FIG. 11 shows a detailed view of the deflection device 132 as well asthe supply passage 128.

The supply passage 128 has a pot shaped inlet 134 on the side of thefirst stage 110 and an outlet 136 on the side of the second stage 112.

The inlet 134 and the outlet 136 of the supply passage 128 are connectedby a supply channel 138 which runs parallel to or declined from therotational axis R (see FIG. 10) and inside the separation wall 118.

The deflection device 132 is attached to the separation wall 118 on theside of the first stage 110.

The deflection device 132 is a plate (see FIG. 11) with an elongatedfirst section 140 perpendicular to the rotational axis R and positioneddirectly adjacent to (but not touching) the planetary gear or theplanetary carrier of the first stage 110. The first section 140transitions into a second section 142 which bends into the separationwall 118 and ends in a tip 144 located above the inlet 134 of the supplypassage 128.

In this way the deflection device 132 collects oil distributed by therotating planetary gears in the first stage 110 and directs it to theinlet 134 of the supply passage 128 where the oil is driven only bygravity from the first stage 110 to the second stage 112.

According to an alternative embodiment, the deflection device 132 cancomprise a container with open upper end, more particularly with afunnel-like shape, which is designed to collect the oil distributed bythe rotating planetary gears or the planetary carrier in the first stage110.

FIG. 12 shows a detailed view of the backflow passage 130.

The backflow passage 130 has a pot shaped inlet 146 on the side of thesecond stage 112 and an outlet 148 on the side of the first stage 110.

The inlet 146 is located at a higher geodetic level than the outlet 148.

The inlet 146 and the outlet 148 of the backflow passage 130 areconnected by a backflow channel 150.

The backflow channel 150 runs in a straight line inside the separationwall 118.

The second stage 112 comprises an overflow device 152 which extends intothe separation wall 118.

The overflow device 152 has a top edge 154 that defines the maximumheight of second internal oil level 126.

The overflow device 152 further comprises a drip edge 156 located belowthe top edge 154, above the inlet 146 of the backflow passage 130 andopposite to the second oil sump 124.

As a result of this, oil in the second stage 112 exceeding the maximumsecond internal oil level 126 flows over the top edge 154 and ischanneled by the drip edge 156 into the inlet 146 of the backflowpassage 130 where it is driven only by gravity from the second stage 112to the first stage 110.

In this way the lubrication system for the gearbox 103 creates alubrication fluid loop 158 (illustrated by arrows in FIG. 10) that isself-regulating, that supplies the second stage 112 with a defined oilsump 124 and that is only powered by the rotating planetary gears in thefirst stage 110 and gravity.

Embodiments according to the invention are not limited to lubricationsystems 200 comprising a gearbox 103 with two stages 110, 112, i.e. thegearbox 103 could comprise further stages, in particular with individualoil levels with increasing geodetic height towards the gearbox 103output, more particular with supply and/or backflow passages 128, 130for supplying oil from one gear stage to another, especially adjacent,gear stage.

FIG. 13 shows a side view of the gearbox 103 and the return piping 206with a first siphon 501 and a second siphon 502.

The first siphon 501 has an elevated part 503 between a first end 511and a second end 512.

The second siphon 502 has an elevated part 504 between a first end 513and a second end 514.

The gearbox 103 has a first oil outlet 311 (see FIG. 14) coupled influidic communication to the oil sump 120 of the first stage 110 and asecond oil outlet 312 coupled in fluidic communication to the oil sump124 of the second stage 112. The vertical line inside the gearbox 103indicates the two oil sumps 120, 124 of the first and second stage 110,112.

The first oil outlet 311 is located at the bottom of the first stage 110and the second oil outlet 312 is located at the bottom of the secondstage 112. The first oil outlet 311 and the second oil outlet 312 areconfigured to allow for completely draining the first oil sump 120 andthe second oil sump 124 respectively.

In an alternative embodiment according to the invention the first and/orsecond oil outlet 311, 312 (as well as any further oil outlets) of thegearbox 103 can be an oil overflow port of the gearbox 103.

The gearbox 103 is coupled via the return piping 206 to the main oiltank 201.

The main oil tank 201 has a first oil inlet 321 and a second oil inlet322.

The return piping 206 comprises the first drain valve V1 which iscoupled with a first side 331 to the first oil outlet 311 and with asecond side 332 to the first oil inlet 321.

The return piping 206 further comprises the second drain valve V2 whichis coupled with a first side 333 to the second oil outlet 312 and with asecond side 334 to the second oil inlet 322.

The first siphon 501 is coupled with the first end 511 to the first oiloutlet 311 and the first side 331 of the drain valve V1. The firstsiphon 501 is further coupled with the second end 512 to the second side332 of the drain valve V1 and the first oil inlet 321. The second siphon502 is coupled with the first end 513 to the second oil outlet 312 andto the first side 333 of the drain valve V2. The second siphon 502 isfurther coupled with the second end 514 to the first oil outlet 311 andthe first side 331 of the drain valve V1.

The first and the second siphon 501, 502 each have an air valve 520 (seeFIG. 15) coupled to the respective elevated part 503, 504. The airvalves 520 are designed to aerate the respective elevated part 503, 504,thereby providing an air pocket inside the respective elevated part 503,504 that ensures the functionality of the siphons 501, 502. In otherwords, the first and the second siphon 501, 502 are breather siphons.

In another embodiment, the elevated parts 503, 504 of the siphons 501,502 are connected to the air volume inside the gearbox 103 by means ofhoses connected to the gearbox 103 housing.

In this way the geodetic height of the elevated part 503 of the firstsiphon 501 (see FIG. 13) defines the first internal oil level 122 whenthe drain valve V1 is closed, like during the off-grid state of the windturbine 10.

Further the geodetic height of the elevated part 504 of the secondsiphon 502 defines the second internal oil level 124 when the drainvalve V2 is closed, like during the off-grid state of the wind turbine10.

Also, because the second siphon 502 is coupled with the first end 513 tothe second oil outlet 312 and the second end 514 to the first oil outlet311, the second siphon 502 provides an external backflow channel for twostage gearboxes 103 that do not comprise an internal backflow passage130.

FIG. 16 shows the simplified schematic hydraulic diagram illustratingthe return piping 206 according to a further embodiment of theinvention.

In this embodiment the second end 514 of the second siphon 502 iscoupled to the second side 334 of the drain valve V2 and the second oilinlet 322.

In this way, the oil sump 120, 124 of each stage 110, 112 is coupledindependently from each other to the main oil tank 201.

FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 each shows the simplified schematic hydraulicdiagram illustrating the return piping 206 according to a furtherembodiment with a gearbox 103 that is designed with only a single oillevel. This means that the lubrication system provides a single oil sump233 in any or all stages 110, 112 of the gearbox 103.

The first single level hydraulic diagram shown in FIG. 17 is comparableto the hydraulic diagram shown in FIG. 14. But in place of the secondsiphon 502 the return piping 206 has a pipeline 530 that is coupled influidic communication to the first oil outlet 311 and the second oiloutlet 312.

The second single level hydraulic diagram shown in FIG. 18 is comparableto the hydraulic diagram shown in FIG. 17 but lacks the second path withdrain valve V2. So that the second oil outlet 312 is coupled in fluidiccommunication only to the first oil inlet 321 of the main oil tank 201.

FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of the return piping 206 of FIG. 18that only comprises a single drain valve, i.e. drain vale V1 and asingle siphon, i.e. siphon 501.

In this way a simple, compact and cost efficient return piping 206 canbe provided for a gearbox 103 with a single oil level 233.

In all above embodiments according to the invention the return piping206 can be coupled to a single oil inlet 321, 322 of the main oil tank201.

FIGS. 20 and 21 show a further embodiment of the return piping 206 ofthe gearbox 103 section in a front view and a rear view, respectively.

In this embodiment the main oil tank 201 (not shown) has a third oilinlet 323.

The first siphon 501 is coupled with the first end 511 to the first oiloutlet 311 and the first side 331 of the drain valve V1. The firstsiphon 501 is further coupled with the second end 512 to the third oilinlet 323. The second siphon 502 is coupled with the first end 513 tothe second oil outlet 312 and to the first side 333 of the drain valveV2. The second siphon 502 is further coupled with the second end 514 tothe first oil outlet 311 and the first side 331 of the drain valve V1.The first and the second siphon 501, 502 are combined insofar as thefirst end 511 of the first siphon 501 is designed to be part of thesecond end 514 of the second siphon 502.

In this way the space requirements of the return piping 206 can bereduced.

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in greaterdetail with reference to the preferred exemplary embodiment, theinvention is not limited to the examples disclosed, and furthervariations can be inferred by a person skilled in the art, withoutdeparting from the scope of protection of the invention.

For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of “a” or“an” throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and“comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements.

Embodiments

A lubrication system (200) for a drive train (100) of a wind turbine(10), the lubrication system comprising a main oil tank (201) containinga lubrication liquid, in particular oil, for lubricating the drive train(100) when the wind turbine (10) has connection to a grid and a mainreservoir (204) which is separate from the main oil tank (201) andcontains lubrication liquid for the drive train (100) when the windturbine (10) has no connection to the grid, wherein the main reservoir(204) comprises a first reservoir (214) containing a first amount oflubrication liquid for at least a first component of the drive train(100) and a second reservoir (224) containing a second amount oflubrication liquid for at least a second component of the drive train(100), wherein the first component is different from the secondcomponent, wherein the lubrication system (200) is configured to supplythe oil from the main reservoir (204) to the drive train (100) when thewind turbine (10) has no grid connection for creating an oil sump in atleast the second component of the drive train (100).

The lubrication system according to embodiment 1, wherein the firstcomponent of the drive train (100) comprises a main shaft (101) and/or agenerator (104) and/or wherein the second component of the drive train(100) comprises a gearbox (103).

The lubrication system according to embodiment 2, wherein thelubrication system is configured in such a way that the main shaft (101)and/or generator (104) each have an oil sump (231, 234) when the windturbine (10) has connection to a grid.

The lubrication system according to anyone of the preceding embodiments,wherein the lubrication system (200) is configured in such a way thatthe oil drains primarily by gravity from the first reservoir (214)and/or the second reservoir (224) to the respective component of thedrive train (100).

The lubrication system according to anyone of the preceding embodiments,further comprising drain restrictors (244) to restrict the volume flowfrom the first reservoir (214) to the main shaft (101) and/or generator(104).

The lubrication system according to anyone of the preceding embodiments,further comprising level sensors (242) in the first reservoir (214), thesecond reservoir (224) and/or main oil tank (201) for determining thelevel of the lubrication liquid in the respective part.

The lubrication system according to anyone of the preceding embodiments,further comprising at least a first valve (V1, V2) that is configured tochange from an open state to a closed state, when the wind turbine (10)loses connection to the grid, more particular wherein the first valve(V1, V2) is coupled to an oil outlet (311, 312) of at least the secondcomponent of the drive train (100).

The lubrication system according to embodiment 7, further comprising asecond valve (V3) that changes from a closed state to an open state whenthe wind turbine (10) loses connection to the grid.

The lubrication system according to anyone of the preceding embodiments,further comprising a heat exchanger (202), more particular a lubricationliquid-water heat exchanger, for tempering, more particular for cooling,the lubrication liquid.

The lubrication system according to anyone of embodiments 2 to 9,wherein the main shaft (101) comprises heaters (412) for heatinglubrication liquid in at least one oil chamber (408, 410) in the mainshaft (101).

The lubrication system according to embodiment 10, wherein the mainshaft (101) comprises a front bearing oil chamber (408) and a rearbearing oil chamber (410), each comprising at least one heater (412) forheating lubrication liquid in the respective oil chamber (408, 410).

A wind turbine (10) comprising a drive train (100) and a lubricationsystem (200) according to anyone of the preceding embodiments.

A method of lubricating a drive train (100) of a wind turbine (10),comprising: supplying lubrication liquid from a first reservoir (214) toa first component of the drive train (100) of the wind turbine (10) whenthe wind turbine (10) loses connection to a grid and supplyinglubrication liquid from a second reservoir (224) to a second componentof the drive train (100) of the wind turbine (10) when the wind turbine(10) loses connection to a grid, for creating an oil sump (233) in atleast the second component of the drive train (100).

The method according to embodiment 13, wherein the first componentcomprises a main shaft bearing (101) and/or a generator (104), and thesecond component comprises a gearbox (103).

The method according to embodiment 13 or 14, comprising: closing a valve(V1, V2) in a return piping (206) of the second component of the drivetrain (100) when the wind turbine (10) loses connection to the grid.

1. A drive train in a wind turbine, the drive train including a firstcomponent and a second component, comprising: a lubrication systemincluding: a main oil tank containing a lubrication liquid forlubricating the drive train when the wind turbine has a connection to agrid; and a main reservoir which is separate from the main oil tank andcontains lubrication liquid for the drive train when the wind turbinehas no connection to the grid, wherein the lubrication system isconfigured to supply the lubrication liquid from the main reservoir tothe drive train when the wind turbine has no grid connection forcreating an oil sump in at least the second component of the drivetrain; wherein the main reservoir includes a first reservoir containinga first amount of lubrication liquid for at least the first component ofthe drive train and a second reservoir containing a second amount oflubrication liquid for at least the second component of the drive train,the first component being different from the second component.
 2. Thedrive train according to claim 1, wherein the first component of thedrive train includes a main shaft and/or a generator and/or wherein thesecond component of the drive train comprises a gearbox.
 3. The drivetrain according to claim 2, wherein the lubrication system is configuredin such a way that the main shaft and/or generator each have an oil sumpwhen the wind turbine has connection to a grid.
 4. The drive trainaccording to claim 1, wherein the lubrication system is configured insuch a way that the lubrication liquid drains primarily by gravity fromthe first reservoir and/or the second reservoir to the respectivecomponent of the drive train.
 5. The drive train according to claim 2,further comprising drain restrictors to restrict a volume flow from thefirst reservoir to the main shaft and/or generator.
 6. The drive trainaccording to claim 1, further comprising level sensors in the firstreservoir, the second reservoir and/or main oil tank for determining thelevel of the lubrication liquid in the respective part.
 7. The drivetrain according to claim 1, further comprising at least a first valvethat is configured to change from an open state to a closed state, whenthe wind turbine loses connection to the grid, wherein the first valveis coupled to an oil outlet of at least the second component of thedrive train.
 8. The drive train according to claim 7, further comprisinga second valve that changes from a closed state to an open state whenthe wind turbine loses connection to the grid.
 9. The drive trainaccording to claim 1, further comprising a lubrication liquid-water heatexchanger for cooling the lubrication liquid.
 10. The drive trainaccording to claim 2, wherein the main shaft (101) comprises heaters forheating the lubrication liquid in at least one oil chamber in the mainshaft.
 11. The drive train according to claim 10, wherein the main shaftcomprises a front bearing oil chamber and a rear bearing oil chamber,each including at least one heater for heating the lubrication liquid inthe respective oil chamber.
 12. A wind turbine comprising the drivetrain and a lubrication system according to claim
 1. 13. A method oflubricating a drive train of a wind turbine, comprising: supplyinglubrication liquid from a first reservoir to a first component of thedrive train of the wind turbine when the wind turbine loses connectionto a grid and supplying lubrication liquid from a second reservoir to asecond component of the drive train of the wind turbine when the windturbine loses connection to a grid, for creating an oil sump in at leastthe second component of the drive train.
 14. The method according toclaim 13, wherein the first component comprises a main shaft bearingand/or a generator, and the second component comprises a gearbox. 15.The method according to claim 13, comprising: closing a valve in areturn piping of the second component of the drive train when the windturbine loses connection to the grid.